IHSS B 2021-22

  socialization   the general process of acquiring culture as you grow up in a society.  During socialization, children learn the language of the culture as well as the roles they are to play in life.  In addition, they learn about the occupational roles that their society allows them.  They also learn and usually adopt their culture's norms through the socialization process.  See enculturation. EX: an example of socialization in the real world be interacting with friends and family learning rules from your family that are connected to what is culturally acceptable in the place you live. race a biological subspecies, or variety, that consists of a more or less distinct population with anatomical traits that distinguish it clearly from other races.  The human "races" commonly assumed to exist are mostly socio-cultural creations rather than biological realities.  They are ethnic groups that are defined on the basis of both physical and cultural...

   Eli the ethnographer the year 2065, Houston TX. As I enter the hospital there is a robot at the counter beeping and bopping. it sees me and asks me what injury I have. I tell it that I do not have an injury and that I am an ethnographer here to observe and report on the behavior of the robots. she explains to me the different rooms and their purposes, then tells me that I may observe anything I want from the hallways and that I may not enter the rooms. as I am walking the halls looking into all the rooms I notice that all the robots communicate to each other with different pitched beeps and boops. I find this very secretive because they can speak any language but decided to make their own language instead. (I wonder why that is) I keep walking down the hallway and see a group of robot arms performing surgery at a very fast pace which amazes me. as I continue walking I come across a robot eating oil that seems to be comercialized in a way that makes it seem like a snack. I e...

   Life in the Surround of a Rural Prison Town      This article tells us about the injustice in state prisons in the US. Ken tells us about his time in prison and about the ways they make money off of the prisoners by selling them over priced items with insanely high markups. eventually he decided to stop buying these goods so that they would stop making money off of him. some of the other prisoners also did this. The CO's (Corrections Officers) were not happy about this. When they found out that Ken was the one who started this they put him in solitary confinement for a week as punishment.     Later Ken talks to us about his plan to get previously incarcerated people to invest in these prisons so eventually they will own 51% of the prisons stock. Then can start changing the way things happen in these prisons. his end goal is to get people to make money off of the system that made money off of them.     Ken is now in his late thirties. he wa...

   Lewis Henry Morgan, born November 21, 1818, near Aurora, New York, U.S. And died  December 17, 1881, Rochester, New York. Lewis Henry Morgan was An attorney, and studied at Rochester New York. he served in the New York state assembly, and senate. he later learned that he was interested in Native American struggles. and studied their oppression from Colonizers from Europe. his studies of this topic resulted in him learning and studying more tribes. he is mainly known as one of the founders of scientific anthropology. and for his studies in kinship systems. and his theories of social evolution.

  Linguistics article reaction My article was about when kids are able to understand and tell jokes. I found it interesting because I have a few little cousins that are around the age of 1 and 2 and they only understand physical humor right now. the Article talks about how at around age 1 and 2  babies can understand physical comedy and try to copy the people they see to make them laugh. an example of physical comedy would be slap stick comedy or peek a boo. and that as they get older around the age of 2 and 3 they start to understand verbal comedy and make jokes. The article talks about how it is important for younger people to learn and use humor because it can build confidence. and your communication skills. jokes can also help children understand words with double meanings. overall comedy is a good way to learn any language. in conclusion I think this article was a good read.

  The book Suicide: A Study in Sociology was written by a French sociologist named Émile Durkheim in 1897. This book was innovative for its time, being the first ‘methodological study of a social fact in the context of society.’ Durkheim believes that suicide is driven by the imbalance of two crucial social forces; social integration and moral regulation. He also understands that where there are high levels of anomie, there will be higher rates of suicide. As an example, he writes that factors contributing to high anomie include economic booms and crashes. Through his case study of suicide, Durkheim came to the understanding that there are four general classifications of suicide that are influenced by social integration and moral regulation. The first type is Egoistic suicide which reflects an intense feeling of not belonging. This is caused when someone has no connection to a community and therefore no defined goals or values. This leads to a feeling of detachment which Durkheim ...

 Firestorm: Critical Approaches to Forrest Death and Life -  A firestorm is when a fire grows strong enough, that it can produce it's own winds making the fire easier and faster to spread. Many countries such as Brazil, Indonesia, USA, and Australia struggle every year to fight against these types of fires. While humans are the main source to start these fires, they can't control them. Many of these fires start with different types of energy being released to the sky, and when rain comes down, these particles get mixed with the water and eventually they harm forests and start fires. These fires are forcing many indigenous tribes to have to re-locate in the Amazon and many other people are in danger due to this pollution. Also, when the trees get burned, people get rid of those trees which is horrible for our well being. In the Amazon, farmers are chopping down lots of trees to have more space for planting crops, but they are then polluting the environment and harming lots of p...

Sienna Kissack Mr. Roddy IHSS September 26, 2021 Division of Labor This article talks about the division of labor and how it affects our society. I learned that back then the division of labor was influential in getting past sociological theories and thought. Today, division of labor is highly known for its forward-thinking perspective by some people. I also learned that it is very important to society because it helps increase productivity. While there are some good things about division of labor, there are also some downsides to it. For instance, not developing workers skills, division of responsibilities, and creating a habit of dependence. In one part of the article, Durkheim argues that there are two types of social solidarity. Mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity. Mechanical solidarity is the connection to the world without someone helping them become a part of a group in society. Organic solidarity is a more complex concept. It is a collection of different functions br...

The article that I read was about the way that people present themselves in society and around others. It was centered on a book by Erving Goffman called "The presentation of self in everyday life". It compares how people present themselves in life to how actors act on a stage. The articles talk about how actors acting "front stage" are acting for the audience specifically, twisting their characters to fit in the eyes of those watching. It makes a parallel between this and when people are around others in everyday life. When people know they are around others observing them, they will change their personality or mannerism to suit the situation or group around them.  "Backstage" the book said, was like when the actors can let down their characters and act like their true selves. This, it noted, is similar to when people are finally not around everyone and able to let down their guard. The moments when people don't have to put on a show. It goes on to ex...

 The McDonaldization of Society -  McDonald's first opened in Downey, California, and became a revolutionary restaurants. Back then, most "fast food" restaurants would take ages to make your food, and sometimes even get the order wrong. But McDonalds, had a different idea. They had a very small menu, and they were constantly making food that would be ready for you before you got there. With the help of a cheeky businessman named Ray Kroc. He made the McDonald's franchise that grew to be what it is now. But this gave other business owners the same idea. To try and make a cheap restaurant, that would serve food very efficiently, and for the food to be good (which was probably the weakest part of the restaurant). But along with food, Amazon realized that they could make shopping much more convenient for costumers by adding very quick shipping. Now with some orders, you can get your items delivered that same day. So McDonald's completely changed quick making and deliv...

I read The Asch Conformity Experiments witch is about how people form opinions in a group. for example lets say that a there is a group of people all answering a question. lets say that there are 5 people in the group and you are the 5th person in the group. everyone is asked what the answer is the their question and the first 4 people got answer B, but you are the last person to reveal your answer and you got the answer A. Would you want to go with the group and say that you got the answer B just to be like everyone else, or would you be true to yourself and say that you got the answer A. This test was done with a lot of people and most people lied and did the same answer as everyone else in the group. This is due to the fact that they were scared of being different.

   Nate Savarese Mr. Roddy IHSS 31 August 2021 Cultural Anthropology Blog      I read cultural anthropology blog Vol. 36 No. 2 (2021). T his blog covers many different topics. One of these topics is about things such as rural places in the world that use the labor of inmates to produce value in their economy. An example of this is rural places in new jersey where the inequalities of the inmates challenge the work that they must do to make a living. This article also has an example of when people studied ethnography in Japan. In Japan there are Buddhists that sell pet robots such as robot dogs, to people to re-define the boundaries between  life, death, amusement, and play. I have been wondering if society would accept robot dogs or cats as replacements for real ones. I think that this would offer the trade between personality and functionality. In Bolivia Juliane muller offers the thought of large corporate companies attempting to bestow a ne...

  Franz Boas was a cultural anthropologist that was born in Germany then moved to the United States of America. He was always interested in other cultures and spent a lot of his life studying them. One time he emerged himself into baffin island witch is a really small island in-between Greenland and Canada. This took place in the summer of 1893-1884. In this time he learned about the culture of the locals in those parts of the world. He was also really interested in the northern native Americans. When he got older he stopped visiting places and instead he started righting books and educating people about anthropology. One of his pupils was Margaret mead who we read a book about earlier.

  I read The Sounds of Speech by Morris Halle. This was about the biological ways that we talk. She said that when we are taught words it is like putting a dictionary of the words that we know into our memory. and when we wish to speak those words we go back and look into our dictionary and grab those words then speak them. Then she talked about the science of our vocal cords and how we can use them to speak.

     In 1993, George Ritzer released a book called The McDonaldization of society. This book indrocuded the concept of "McDonaldization". McDonaldization is a concept that occurs when everything in society adapts to have the same characterization as fast food chains. These characteristics are calculability, predictability,  efficiency, standardization, and control. Calculability is " a focus on quantifiable objectives (counting things) rather than subjective ones (evaluation of quality)."  Predictability and standardization  are found in "repetitive and routinized production or service delivery processes and in the consistent output of products or experiences that are identical or close to it (predictability of the consumer experience)."  Efficiency is  a "managerial focus on minimizing the time required to complete individual tasks as well as that required to complete the whole operation or process of production and distribution." ...

 In 1950, a psychologist by the name of Solomon Asch presented an experiment investigating how far a person would go to conform with the social pressure of a group. In this group, they had five confederates, which beforehand had agreed on presenting an incorrect answer, there was only one real participant which had the ability to give his own independent answer. The confederates would give their answers first before the participant gave his answer. This gave the participant enough time to analyze his choice and decide whether he would join the group’s incorrect answer or to state his own. The results were: 32% of the participants who were put in this experiment totally conformed with the group's incorrect answers. 75% of the participants conformed to at least once during the trials. 25% never conformed to the group of confederates. Later, the participants were interviewed and there were two main reasons why they conformed. The first one being because they did not want their answer ...

  In Emilie durkmans book, he argues that suicide is a result of societal, pressure, changes, and lack of integration. He disagrees with the fact that suicide is an individual/personal act, and is instead says that suicide is a result of social disorganization and social solidarity. In his book, he organized reasons for suicide into 4 categories, egoistic, altruistic, anomic, and fatalistic. Egoistic suicide, as Durkheim explains, is caused by social isolation or feeling out of place in society. When someone, who’s especially self-centered, feels like they’ve been cut off from society, whether it be from work, family, or social life, or feels they have no place in society they start to self-destruct. This eventually leads to suicide because, with the loss of social integration, they’ve also lost the meaning of life (in their eyes). Altruistic suicide occurs when someone is overly integrated with society, specifically a religious or cultural group, where they are willing to commit s...

Jayla Balderas  Mr. Roddy IHSS 23 September 2021                                                                                   Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity Erving Goffman author of Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. The book and topic offer up explanations for how society reacts towards Stigma. First talking  about the three types of stigma which are as followed: Physical Stigma, Stigma of Character traits, and Stigma of Identity. To go into brief detail of each Physical Stigma can be through disability, or even through race and the ph...

Everest Leo Mr. Roddy IHSS 23 September 2021 The Culture of Fear     The Culture of Fear is a book written by Barry Glassner that discusses fear norms placed upon the public that potentially are just for the benefit of the ones striking the fear. While this sociological idea was first presented by Frank Furedi, Barry Glassner popularized it, and overall, it is a relatively new study. It is interesting because one would normally think that fear is a natural occurrence and is not decided upon, but in his book, Glassner argues that the instilling of fear into the public is something that is constantly being done. For example, he says that The War on Terror was a very beneficial movement/name for an issue such terrorism because it created a lot of fear in the public and thus allowed politicians to use the lowered reasoning capabilities (that fear usually causes) to sway the public in their favor due to the policies they made. There are other things he discusses as well that ...

 The Asch Conformity Experiments consisted pretty simply of a number of experiments conducted on university attendees to attempt to study the effects of peer influence on something as simple as objective fact. The experiments were conducted as follows. There was a large group of students, all of whom but one were in on the experiment. each student was shown the same card with three lines of varying length and was asked to identify which of the lines was longest.  The goal was to see if the one student who wasn't in on the experiment would choose what was clearly the longest line despite seeing the rest of his peers chose an obviously incorrect answer.  The result may be surprising to some and it was that more than seventy-five percent of the students chose an incorrect answer at least once. In interviews conducted after the experiment, some of the participants genuinely believed that the shorter lines were longer simply because of their peers while some others simply chos...

In June 2020, archeologists discovered a shocking burial of a man embracing a woman in his arms. In the casket, the woman was resting her head( now skull ) on the shoulder of her husband. The reason why this is a groundbreaking discovery is that it is the first burial of its kind to be found in China. My question was, how was this possible? Here are some basic facts about the couple. They both died at a rather young age. The woman was found without any injuries with the exception of a small number of cavities. The man was found with a broken arm, a missing finger, and many other injuries. It was quite strange to see them both in one tomb. One being unharmed, and the other having multiple injuries. Archeologists think the way the woman died was from suicide. In China, during the first millennium, doing extreme things out of love was very common. Archeologists suspect that the man died first and then the woman sacrificed her life to be with her husband for the rest of his afterlife. Once...

  There are certain cognitive abilities that help define us as human beings. These abilities include the arts, like music and drawing, mathematical and spatial reasoning, our capacity for complex social bonds and structure, and our linguistic ability. These have allowed us to rise above the rest of the animal kingdom, creating thriving societies, and expanding our reach across the world. In those examples, language stands out. Language is universal for all humans. Every normally developing human child from every culture or region of the world will learn to speak at least one language. This differs from other cognitive abilities because not everyone will be a musician or mathematician, etc. Although everyone learns a language, it is not a simple thing. Language is one of the most intricate and arguably one of the most important human abilities. Through study and observation, it has been found that humans have a predisposition to language. In other words, language is a human instinct...

https://www.linguisticsociety.org/content/computers-and-languages For the past, twenty or so years software developers have been working on developing computers that can understand human language. Whether that involves scanning written words or understanding spoken language through a microphone. I thought that this was very interesting especially because the author presents numerous problems with the development of these programs that I had not considered before.  The most prominent and important difficulties for their programs are ambiguities in language. For example the sentence "I saw a man in a park with the telescope" couple mean a number of things. In this phrase for example you cannot tell whether I, the man or the park have the telescope. This results in a conundrum that is impossible for a computer to solve on its own. Another example of this with bigger real-world consequences is the phrase "There's a pile of inflammable trash next to your car. You are goin...

  Jayla Balderas  IHSS  Mr. Roddy 10 September 2021                                                                                   What's the language of the future? English is the most spoken language in the world taking into account both native and non-native speakers. This article talked about how The language continues to spread everyday along with a few reasons why. A lot of people stated that speaking English is an economic opportunity or having a reason to say you simply can speak English in hopes of evaluating social status. Others have turned towards language for functionality out or reluctant choice when eve...

  Languages are extremely diverse, with over 7000 languages spoken today. There are countless ways that they differ from each other, but the most prominent points of a language are grammar and syntax, and phonetics/phonology. Phonetics and phonology study the sounds of human language and speech. When referring to the sounds of the English language, we usually think of vowels/consonants, tone of voice, pronunciation, and articulation. E.g., in English, we have 24 consonants and 18 vowels, while Spanish, as a phonetic language, only has 18 consonants and 5 vowels. Syntax is a section of grammar: the study of the structure of sentences. Words in different languages are combined and changed in different ways to create a sentence. Syntacticians study the patterns and sequences of how words and sections build sentences. E.g. in English, we would put the adjective before the noun, but in French and Spanish, the adj. comes after the noun. https://lingroadshow.com/all-about-language/languag...

Everest Leo Mr. Roddy IHSS 10 September 2021 Mispronunciation of Words https://theconversation.com/mispronunciation-why-you-should-stop-correcting-peoples-mistakes-163308     The article I read was about mispronunciations and how they arise, as well as why we should stop correcting peoples mispronunciations, unless they are incomprehensible. One reason for how mispronunciations are created that the article pointed out is that people will see/hear a word and if they are unfamiliar with it, they will tend to think of another word that is similar to it and try to pronounce it like that word. For example, the word "espresso" clearly has no "x" but it is often pronounced as "expresso" which, as the article points out, is probably due to the fact that "espresso" is not an English word, but it is similar to "express" and so individuals might be prone to mashing the two pronunciations together. Another way that mispronunciations are born is thr...

 Alexandre Maciel Mr. Roddy IHSS September 10, 2021 Language and the Brain      Language is one of the most complicated things that humans learn, and it's incredible how early children start combining words and expressing their ideas. Children learn and listen to different words and phrases that they then remember and can look back on when needing to use these words. What I found very interesting is that if a toddler hear the phrase "mice eat cats", they will realize that it's not right. Mice can't eat cats, it's the other way around! So when children are learning language, they also are able to tell what's right and wrong, and ultimately create common sense. Language can be learned very rapidly and forgotten very slowly. Forgetting a language over time is called aphasia. But when children grew into adulthood, learning a language is much more difficult. This is because the more humans age, the more space that first language dominates in your brain. Also, s...

 Alexander McGill                                                                                             Linguistics Blog     In order to speak a language, you must master the words. When we learn words we keep it in our memory so we can say it or recognize it whenever we want. We don't hear words in a foreign language because we do not have any knowledge of those words, so we don't have them in our memory. When we speak, we don't even think about it. We just use words that we kept in our memory to make a sentence. We also use our tongue, lips, ect, without even thinking. This is why it's so hard to learn a foreign language. We can't just say what we want without thinking. We n...

  This article was talking about ‘language in the brain’. Language, whether spoken or written, is a universal tool used by all humans. This article questioned what role the brain has in language, and if speaking is hard-wired into us, or is something we learn. Everyone knows how to understand at least one language, and is usually pretty good at it. Everyone also knows about Math, and Art, yet a select few master, or even come close to good at it. This would make some think, that language must be easier to learn than other subjects, but the opposite is true, language is one the most complex skills to know, yet we find it easy. The fact that some people lack skills in subjects taught to us, like art, music, math, science, etc. yet everyone masters language had scientists boggled. This lead them to theorize that language is hard-wired into our brains and is a part of our biological blueprint. To test this hypothesis, they studied people with aphasia, patients with damage to the part o...

 Alexander McGill Marxism     Marxism is a doctrine created by Karl Marx in the mid 1800s. Marxism has three core ideas, a theory of history, philosophical  anthropology, and a theory of history. There are different variations of Marxism. Some of them are the Soviet version, that was created by Vladimir Lenin, which is called "Marxism-Leninism". Mao Zedong also brought another form of Marxism in China called, "Maoism". Marxism looks at the effect of Capitalism, and argues that there should be a revolution in favor of Communism. They want everyone to be equal, and they are especially concerned with the rights of the common field worker or peasant. Marxism wants the working class to be the ruling class, then there will be no basis for a class society. It will be a classless society. There are no classes in conflict, and there is no more government. 

  Sienna Kissack Mr. Roddy IHSS September 06, 2021 Karl Marx Karl Marx is a German philosopher, who started his career in 1842. He created the Marxist anthropology which is often characterized as a phase in time of anthropology theory. Marxist Anthropology is a combination of naturalism and humanism. Karl Marx is also known for writing editorials on social and economic issues. For example, some of the books he’s best known for are, The Communist Manifesto, and the three-volume Das Kapital. When Marx died, it was declared that he made two discoveries. One was the law of development of human history. The second discovery he made was the law of bourgeois society. 

Evolutionism, or evolutionary anthropology,  studies human evolution and anthropogeny (the origin of mankind), and its effects on human physiology and psychology.  Evolution was first proposed in 1840 and is considered to be one of the founding concepts of anthropology. After Charles Darwin released his theories, the concept of evolution began to become more widely accepted.  At the end of the 19th century, the idea that it was possible to "skip" evolution, at least psychologically and culturally, had been proposed. For example, how some isolated cultures have skipped ahead centuries intellectually after being exposed to a more advanced society.  Many of the original theories of evolutionary anthropology are still agreed upon as the base of evolution today, although we have uncovered far more about our past since then So, why do we need to learn about natural selection and human evolution? Mainly, so that we can understand our origins, or how modern races, social con...

I chose to research Lewis Henry Morgan. He was an American anthropologist who lived in the mid 19th century. Morgan was an attorney for most of his adulthood but found that he had a fascinating interest in the Native American people and their way of life. He began to study the history and culture of the Iroquois Nation. Morgan claims that one of the Indigenous groups within the Iroquois Nation, the Seneca tribe, adopted him. He spent his time with them and studied different aspects of their culture. He later wrote what he'd learned in a book he ca lled, " The League of the Ho-dé-no-sau-nee, or Iroquois ", published in 1851.  As he became more focused on the Seneca people, he noticed pieces of information from the tribe that he could connect with other groups and societies. This lead him to come up with his theory on "cultural evolution" - the idea that society progresses and goes through different stages. He goes in depth on this in his book, " Ancient Soci...

 Cape Echols      Franz Boas was a revolutionary thinker for his time. In the 19th and earlier 20th century, Europeans looked down on other cultures and thought theirs superior. A popular idea of the time was that racism was scientifically justifiable. The theory was that race was a biological concept rather than a cultural one. Boas opposed this theory and the idea of western superiority with his theory of cultural relativism. Cultural relativism is the theory that no one culture is superior when compared to systems of morality, law, customs, politics, etc. Cultures are fundamentally different from one another in ideals and concepts like morality. For instance, what someone from one culture might find normal, someone from another culture might think is foreign and strange. This can create a cultural bias, like in western Europeans. The theory basically suggests that your beliefs and ideals are a product of your upbringing and no one’s beliefs and ideals are incorrec...

 Alexandre Maciel Mr. Roddy IHSS 07 September 2021 Lewis Henry Morgan Lewis Henry Morgan was an American anthropologist during the 1800s that helped create a theory for evolution. His profession was actually an attorney, but over time, he grew to have great interest in Native Americans. He learned about how they had to overcome struggles and colonialism. In 1846, he officially became a member of the Seneca tribe. Dr. Morgan was able to identify similarities between the Seneca's and the Ojibwa tribe in northern Michigan. He realized that if he were able to find these similarities in some Asian cultures, he might be able to learn about their origins. He traveled through many countries in Asia, and eventually he invented the study of kinships. This was one of his two main discoveries along with cultural evolution. He wrote many accomplished books explaining his work to people, which have sold a lot through the years.  

 Lewis Henry Morgan was one of the main contributors to the idea of Evolutionism. Evolutionism, in my own words,  is how humans learned to adapt to the world. He came to this idea of evolutionism by studying and comparing the way of life of different cultures and civilizations. He would, later on, bring up the term "savagery" to describe the way they hunted and gathered. One of his main ideas regarding evolutionism was the use of technology. Technology is a way for humans to do simple things easier and faster. This became one of the most popular ways to study anthropology. He came up with many materialistic ideas for evolutionism that drew the attention of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. As time went by, people learned more about evolution. Due to Henry Morgan and his ideas, we were able to gather an amazing amount of information. Today he is known and the "dean" of anthropology. source - Britannica

  Jayla Balderas  IHSS Mr. Roddy 5 September 2021                                                                   Ruth Benedict  Ruth Benedict was born in 1887 and died in 1948, she was known for being an American Anthropologist. While attending Columbia University she was one of the many students of Franz Boas and later in life even became his assistant. She even played a role in Margaret Mead's career offering her guidance and inspiration which Margaret Mead would later write a book on her mentor. Benedict contributed to anthropology with her “Patterns of Culture” Theory. She believed that people judged different cultures as they were different...

     Charles Darwin was best known for his theory of evolution, which suggested we all evolved from a common ancestor and weren’t just created by God. He came to this consensus with the theory of natural selection. He discovered that animals will make adaptations to fit their environment better, giving them a higher chance of survival. He observed different kinds of birds, with different beak shapes, that make more sense for the prey they hunt. With this evidence, he concluded that Humans had just adapted over time, but all from the same origins.       The discovery of evolution impacted the world of anthropology by providing a better understanding of why there are different physical and social differences in civilizations. Its thought, because humans adapted to physically fit their environment better, they did the same culturally and socially. The evolution of culture stems from Darwin’s theory of evolution and has proven cultural practices are passed...

 Franz Boas was a German America Anthropologist. He is largely considered the father of anthropology and pioneered multiple anthropological disciplines the most famous being cultural relativism. Cultural relativism is the idea that cultural differences are not due to racial differences but to historical events and environmental differences.  In addition to pioneering cultural relativism, he also published numerous books and lectures. The most famous being The Mind of Primitive Man which challenged the current consensus on racial differences. As a result, the book was used by many to oppose race-based immigration policy in the United States. 

Everest Leo Mr. Roddy IHSS 3 September 2021  Bronisław Malinowski      Bronisław Malinowski was a polish anthropologist who lived from the late 19th century to the mid 20th century and is regarded as one of the most important figures in anthropology and is called a founder of social anthropology. At the start of his career, Bronisław Malinowski, being a writer, reinterpreted Australian Aboriginal data that was in already popular texts at the time. After he published his first works, he started to gain traction in the anthropology community which led him to be able to travel to New Guinea and do field work. The monograph he wrote about his time there was the final piece that earned him a doctorate in his field. He continued to live with other civilizations and observe/experience different aspects about how they function which helped develop the science as a whole. Later in his career he became a professor and even further developed the study of anthropology by sponso...

  Jayla Balderas Mr. Roddy IHSS  30 August 2021                                                       Mary Catherine Bateson Mary Catherine Bateson is the daughter of Margaret Mead the famous culture anthropologist. Mary Catherine also carried the title of cultural anthropologist holding plenty of books and studies behind her own name that kept her out from the shadows of her mother. Sadly Mary Catherine passed away at the age of 81 this year on January 2, 2021. Bateson was the daughter of two anthropologists that met during field work in New Guinea. Both of her parents were very intent on catching her childhood on film, these recordings would serve a purpose later on in life. Both Dr. Mead and her husband Dr...

  Birth of Anthropology All advanced civilizations have been intrigued by their origins. Humans past have long questioned the meaning of their culture and how it grew and evolved. Many questioned the same about neighboring societies and cultures and customs. Past humans came up with their own answers to these questions. These answers often resulted from observations of the world around them. Most times these societies’ explanations were founded on generally valid information and observation. However, the majority of interpretations only reached the level of speculation. That does not mean the questions these societies posed or the conclusions they reached should be discounted. These questions are what prompted anthropology as we know it today. The emergence of science-based ideas and understandings only began to develop in a handful of past centres of civilization. Such as the classical Mediterranean world, China, and the medieval Arab world. The most important common factor found ...

https://culanth.org/fieldsights/cold-contacting-new-colleagues-a-method-for-creating-small-academic-meetings  Due to COVID 19, everything was being moved online. This especially included academics.  The Max Plank-Cambridge Centre for Ethics, Economy, and Social Change (Max-Cam) had to move its seminar online due to the pandemic. This was controversial though, and it raised a lot of questions. It made the people hosting the seminars have to think about how they would pull it off. The biggest issue with this idea was, how were they going to find people outside the university who wanted to participate. They found out the best way to do this was to cold contact students outside of the university. When contacting students, the students got confused about how they found them. The answer was that they found them through their supervisor and their publication, as well as things they could find online about the student. This raised some issues, like how the seminar was not very inclusi...